Soft Skills Management Market By Delivery Mode(Online, Regular/ Offline), By Soft Skill(Communication & Productivity, Management & Leadership, Administration & Secretarial, Personal Development, Teamwork, Others), By End Users(IT & Telecom, BFSI, Manufacturing, Hospitality, Energy and Power, Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals, Retail, Media & Entertainment, Others), By Sourcing(In-house, Outsourced), By Channel Provider(Corporate/ Enterprise, Academic, Government), By Region And Companies - Industry Segment Outlook, Market Assessment, Competition Scenario
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March 2024
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This report was compiled by Vishwa Gaul Vishwa is an experienced market research and consulting professional with over 8 years of expertise in the ICT industry, contributing to over 700 reports across telecommunications, software, hardware, and digital solutions. Correspondence Team Lead- ICT Linkedin | Detailed Market research Methodology Our methodology involves a mix of primary research, including interviews with leading mental health experts, and secondary research from reputable medical journals and databases. View Detailed Methodology Page
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Report Overview
The global Soft Skills Management Market was valued at USD 28.6 billion in 2023. It is expected to reach USD 99.1 billion by 2033, with a CAGR of 13.6% during the forecast period from 2024 to 2033. The surge in demand for private and public companies, rise in digitalization and urbanization are some of the main key driving factors for the soft skills management market.
Soft skills management is defined as the tactical development and fostering of interpersonal skills, communication potentialities, and personal attributes among the individuals inside a firm. It aims to improve qualities like teamwork, leadership, empathy, adaptability, and effective communication.
Soft skills are important for nurturing a positive work environment, enhancing partnerships, and making the whole team effective. This management approach generally comprises several training programs, continuous feedback, and workshop mechanisms to know and refine soft skills in employees.
By placing much emphasis on soft skills, firms focus on developing a workforce that not only achieves technical competencies but also showcases sturdy emotional intelligence and interpersonal efficiency. Soft skills management is important in refining a workplace culture that values effective communication, partnerships, and mutual understanding by contributing to boosting employee satisfaction, improved productivity, and sustained success for the firm.
An ET HR World in August 2022, highlights that the industry demands for soft skills training industry will boost in India as many major companies are seeking workers who can be considered creative and have a growth mindset at their respective jobs. Moreover, according to the research, the growth mindset is the skill with the highest surge in demand in the last two years with a 194% hike between April 2020 to April 2022.
The second highest growth is creativity, which has increased by 72% in the last two years. Furthermore, other required skills such as resourcefulness is 28%, decision-making making 25%, time management at 23%, teamwork works 18%, adaptability at 17%, and problem-solving at 13% respectively.
Soft skills management is important in today’s workplace as it improves communication, interpersonal relationships, and teamwork. Nurturing skills like adaptability, leadership, and empathy contributes to a positive work environment, enhancing employee satisfaction and workflow. In an upsurging partnership and wider environment, effective soft skills management makes individuals understand and resolve the challenges, create a sturdy professional relationship, and contribute meaningfully to the firm success.
It plays an important role in personal and professional development by promoting a well-rounded and resilient work environment. The demand for soft skills management will increase due to its requirement in various industrial verticals that will help in market expansion in the coming years.
Key Takeaways
- Market Growth: The global Soft Skills Management Market was valued at USD 28.6 billion in 2023. It is expected to reach USD 99.1 billion by 2033, with a CAGR of 13.6% during the forecast period from 2024 to 2033.
- By Delivery Mode: Online Delivery, Leveraging digital platforms for flexible and scalable soft skills training solutions.
- By Soft Skill: Communication & Productivity, Enhancing interpersonal skills vital for workplace efficiency and collaboration.
- By End Users: IT & Telecom End Users, Focused on nurturing soft skills within the tech industry workforce.
- By Sourcing: In-house Sourcing, Directly managing, and providing soft skills training within corporate environments.
- By Channel Provider: Corporate/Enterprise Channel, Catering to organizational needs with tailored soft skills training programs and solutions.
- Regional Dominance: North America dominates the soft skills management market with a 35.8% share.
- Growth Opportunity: Expansion into virtual training platforms and personalized learning paths using AI-driven coaching systems present promising growth opportunities in the soft skills management market, catering to the evolving needs of the modern workforce.
Driving factors
Increasing Emphasis on Remote Workforce Management
As organizations continue to adopt remote work arrangements, the demand for effective soft skills management solutions has surged. With teams scattered across different locations, the need for strong communication, collaboration, and emotional intelligence skills becomes paramount.
Employers are seeking comprehensive soft skills management platforms that can facilitate virtual team building, conflict resolution, and leadership development. The growth of the soft skills management market can be attributed to this fundamental shift in work dynamics, driving companies to invest in tools and training programs that foster cohesive and productive remote teams.
Rising Awareness of Employee Well-being and Mental Health
In an era where employee well-being is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of organizational success, soft skills management has expanded beyond traditional competency development to encompass emotional well-being and mental health support. Employers are acknowledging the importance of nurturing a psychologically safe work environment and equipping employees with resilience-building skills to navigate challenges effectively.
As a result, there's a growing demand for soft skills management solutions that incorporate modules on stress management, mindfulness, and empathy training. The market's growth is thus propelled by the imperative to prioritize holistic employee development and cultivate a supportive workplace culture.
Integration of AI and Data Analytics in Soft Skills Assessment
The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics has revolutionized the assessment and enhancement of soft skills within organizations. Advanced algorithms can now analyze linguistic cues, facial expressions, and tone of voice to evaluate communication effectiveness, empathy levels, and interpersonal skills. By leveraging AI-powered assessment tools, companies can obtain objective insights into employees' soft skills proficiency and identify areas for improvement with precision.
Furthermore, data-driven analytics enable personalized learning recommendations and continuous feedback loops, enhancing the efficacy of soft skills development initiatives. The momentum in the soft skills management market is fueled by the transformative potential of AI-driven assessment methodologies, empowering organizations to optimize talent development strategies and foster a culture of continuous learning.
Restraining Factors
Limited Awareness and Understanding of Soft Skills Importance
One restraining factor impacting the soft skills management market is the limited awareness and understanding of the importance of soft skills in organizational success. Despite growing recognition of soft skills' significance, particularly in enhancing teamwork, communication, and leadership, many organizations still prioritize technical or hard skills over soft skills development. This lack of awareness often results in insufficient investment in soft skills training programs, hindering the market's growth potential.
Resistance to Change and Traditional Mindsets
Another significant restraining factor for the soft skills management market is the resistance to change and traditional mindsets prevalent in many organizations. Some companies may perceive soft skills training as unnecessary or secondary to technical skill development, clinging to traditional methods of evaluating employee performance. This resistance impedes the adoption of innovative soft skills training market solutions and inhibits market expansion, despite the clear benefits such training can offer in improving employee productivity, satisfaction, and overall organizational performance.
By Delivery Mode Analysis
Online Delivery, Leading mode in market access, convenience, and global reach.
In 2023, the Soft Skills Management Market witnessed a significant evolution, particularly in the realm of delivery modes. Among these, the Online segment emerged as the dominant force, consolidating its foothold and dictating the market dynamics.
Online delivery mode, characterized by its digital infrastructure and accessibility, propelled the Soft Skills Management Market into a new era of convenience and efficiency. Leveraging internet connectivity and e-learning platforms, businesses and individuals found themselves drawn to the allure of flexible learning schedules and remote accessibility. The surge in remote work culture, exacerbated by the global pandemic, further fueled the demand for online soft skills management solutions.
The Online segment exhibited robust growth, capturing a substantial market share and redefining traditional paradigms of skill acquisition. Its allure lies in the ability to transcend geographical barriers, offering a diverse range of courses and modules accessible to learners worldwide. Moreover, the scalability and cost-effectiveness of online course platforms presented an attractive proposition for organizations seeking to upskill their workforce efficiently.
While the Online segment commanded prominence, traditional modes of delivery such as Regular and Offline methods continued to coexist, albeit with a diminishing market share. The convenience and versatility offered by online platforms overshadowed the constraints of physical attendance, driving a gradual shift toward digital learning ecosystems.
By Soft Skill Analysis
Communication & Productivity, Essential soft skills for modern workplace efficiency and effectiveness.
In 2023, Communication & Productivity solidified its dominance within the Soft Skills Management Market, reflecting a robust demand for enhancing interpersonal effectiveness and task efficiency across various industries. As organizations increasingly recognize the pivotal role soft skills play in driving productivity and fostering cohesive work environments, the Communication skills & Productivity segment emerged as a frontrunner, commanding a significant market share.
This segment encompasses a diverse array of skills essential for effective communication and task management, catering to the evolving needs of modern workplaces. From mastering effective communication techniques to optimizing time management strategies, the Communication & Productivity segment offers comprehensive solutions to enhance professional capabilities.
Furthermore, the surge in remote work arrangements and virtual collaboration accentuated the importance of adept communication and productivity skills, fueling the growth of this segment. Organizations sought to equip their workforce with the necessary tools and techniques to navigate digital communication platforms seamlessly and optimize virtual collaboration processes.
Moreover, the integration of technology-driven solutions, such as digital productivity tools and virtual communication platforms, augmented the offerings within the Communication & Productivity segment, enhancing its attractiveness to a diverse clientele.
By End Users Analysis
IT & Telecom End Users, Driving demand for innovation and technological advancement.
In 2023, the Information Technology (IT) & Telecom sector asserted its dominance within the End Users segment of the Soft Skills Management Market. This segment encompasses a diverse range of industries, including IT & Telecom, BFSI (Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance), Manufacturing, Hospitality, Energy and Power, Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals, Retail, Media & Entertainment, and various others. Among these, the IT & Telecom industry emerged as a frontrunner, showcasing robust demand for soft skills management solutions.
The prominence of the IT & Telecom sector can be attributed to several key factors. Firstly, the rapid digital transformation witnessed across global markets has necessitated a workforce equipped with adaptable soft skills such as communication, collaboration, and problem-solving. In this context, IT & Telecom companies have been at the forefront of innovation, driving the need for employees proficient in both technical and interpersonal competencies.
Furthermore, the proliferation of remote work arrangements, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has underscored the importance of effective soft skills in maintaining productivity and team cohesion. As IT & Telecom organizations navigate this evolving landscape, investing in comprehensive soft skills management solutions has become imperative for sustaining competitive advantage and fostering employee engagement.
By Sourcing Analysis
In-house Sourcing is the preferred method for maintaining quality control and cost efficiency.
In 2023, In-house held a dominant market position in the By Sourcing segment of the Soft Skills Management Market. The By-sourcing segment encompasses the sourcing strategy employed by organizations to fulfill their soft skills training needs, either through in-house resources or by outsourcing to external providers. In-house sourcing refers to the utilization of internal resources and expertise within the organization to develop and deliver soft skills training programs.
The dominance of the In-house sourcing approach can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, organizations increasingly recognize the strategic importance of nurturing soft skills among their employees to enhance overall performance and productivity. By leveraging in-house expertise, companies can tailor training programs to align with their specific organizational culture, values, and strategic objectives.
Moreover, the In-house sourcing model offers greater control and flexibility over the content, delivery, and pace of training programs. This level of customization enables organizations to address unique skill gaps and evolving business needs effectively.
Additionally, the preference for In-house sourcing is fueled by considerations of cost-effectiveness and long-term sustainability. While outsourcing may initially seem appealing for its convenience, in-house training initiatives often prove to be more cost-efficient in the long run, especially for organizations with a large workforce requiring continuous skill development.
Furthermore, the trend towards remote work and virtual training solutions has further bolstered the In-house sourcing approach, as organizations seek to leverage their internal talent pool and digital infrastructure to deliver engaging and impactful soft skills training programs regardless of geographical constraints.
By Channel Provider Analysis
Corporate/Enterprise Channels, Primary conduits for large-scale business transactions and partnerships.
In 2023, Corporate/Enterprise entities established a dominant market position within the By Channel Provider segment of the Soft Skills Management Market. This segment delineates the diverse channels through which soft skills management solutions are disseminated, catering to distinct sectors such as Corporate/Enterprise, Academic, and Government. Among these, the Corporate/Enterprise sector emerged as the frontrunner, leveraging its substantial resources and organizational infrastructure to prioritize the cultivation of soft skills among employees.
Corporate/Enterprise entities, spanning various industries, recognized the pivotal role of soft skills in enhancing workforce efficiency, collaboration, and adaptability in an increasingly dynamic business landscape. Consequently, they fervently embraced soft skills management solutions offered by proficient channel providers. These solutions encompass a spectrum of methodologies including online platforms, workshops, coaching sessions, and immersive learning experiences tailored to meet the specific needs of corporate environments.
The dominance of Corporate/Enterprise entities in this segment can be attributed to their proactive approach toward talent development and organizational enhancement. By investing in robust soft skills management programs, they strive to nurture a workforce adept at communication, leadership, problem-solving, and interpersonal skills, thus fostering a culture of innovation and productivity within their ranks.
Moreover, the competitive nature of the corporate realm impels companies to stay abreast of industry key trends and advancements in talent development strategies. Consequently, Corporate/Enterprise entities exhibit a keen interest in collaborating with leading channel providers to access cutting-edge soft skills management solutions that yield tangible returns on investment.
Key Market Segments
By Delivery Mode
- Online
- Regular/ Offline
By Soft Skill
- Communication & Productivity
- Management & Leadership
- Administration & Secretarial
- Personal Development
- Teamwork
- Others
By End Users
- IT & Telecom
- BFSI
- Manufacturing
- Hospitality
- Energy and Power
- Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals
- Retail
- Media & Entertainment
- Others
By Sourcing
- In-house
- Outsourced
By Channel Provider
- Corporate/ Enterprise
- Academic
- Government
Growth Opportunity
Expansion into Virtual Soft Skills Training
As the demand for soft skills training continues to rise globally, one significant growth opportunity lies in expanding into virtual training platforms. The advent of remote work and the increasing prevalence of digital learning have created a ripe environment for virtual soft skills training programs.
By leveraging technology such as interactive webinars, immersive simulations, and gamified learning modules, companies can offer flexible and scalable solutions to individuals and organizations seeking to develop essential interpersonal skills. This growth opportunity not only caters to the evolving needs of the modern workforce but also extends the reach of soft skills type training to a broader audience across geographical boundaries.
Personalized Learning Paths and Assessments
Another promising avenue for growth in the soft skills management market involves the development of personalized learning paths and assessments. By employing data analytics and machine learning algorithms, companies can analyze individual learning styles, preferences, and performance metrics to tailor training programs to the specific needs of learners.
Customized assessments can provide valuable insights into areas of strength and improvement, allowing for targeted skill development and continuous feedback loops. This personalized approach enhances the effectiveness and engagement of soft skills training initiatives, driving demand for advanced learning solutions in the market.
Integration of AI-driven Coaching and Feedback Systems
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into soft skills management presents a compelling growth opportunity for companies looking to innovate in this space. AI-driven coaching and feedback systems can offer real-time guidance and support to learners, mimicking the role of human coaches and mentors.
Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms can analyze communication patterns and provide personalized feedback on aspects such as active listening, empathy, and conflict resolution. By harnessing the power of AI, organizations can enhance the scalability, accessibility, and effectiveness of soft skills training programs, positioning themselves as leaders in the evolving landscape of workforce development.
Latest Trends
Integration of AI and Machine Learning
The Soft Skills Management Market is witnessing a transformative shift with the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies. These innovations are revolutionizing traditional approaches to skill development by offering personalized learning experiences tailored to individual needs. AI-powered platforms analyze user behavior, performance data, and feedback to provide targeted recommendations and adaptive learning pathways.
This trend not only enhances the effectiveness of soft skills training but also optimizes resource allocation and improves overall ROI for organizations. With AI and ML at the helm, companies can anticipate a more agile and responsive workforce equipped with essential interpersonal skills critical for success in today's dynamic business landscape.
Emphasis on Emotional Intelligence (EI) Training
Another notable trend shaping the Soft Skills Management Market is the heightened emphasis on Emotional Intelligence (EI) training. As organizations recognize the pivotal role emotional intelligence plays in fostering collaboration, resilience, and leadership, there is a growing demand for tailored programs focused on enhancing EI competencies. These initiatives delve into self-awareness, empathy, communication, and relationship management, equipping employees with the interpersonal acumen needed to navigate complex workplace dynamics effectively.
With the advent of remote work and virtual collaboration, the ability to understand and regulate emotions has become increasingly vital, driving the adoption of EI training across diverse industry sectors. As organizations prioritize holistic talent development strategies, EI training emerges as a cornerstone in nurturing a workforce capable of thriving amidst evolving challenges and opportunities.
Regional Analysis
North America leads the soft skills management market with a commanding 35.8% market share.
The Soft Skills Management market exhibits distinct characteristics across various regions globally, with North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and Latin America showcasing diverse dynamics in adoption and implementation.
North America leads the global landscape with a dominant market share of 35.8%. The region's strong emphasis on workforce development and technological advancements in education and corporate training infrastructure contribute to this leadership position. With a robust economy and a high level of awareness regarding the significance of soft skills in professional success, North America remains a key market for soft skills management solutions.
In Europe, the market for soft skills management is characterized by a growing focus on employee development and organizational effectiveness. Countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany, and France are witnessing increasing investments in training and development programs aimed at enhancing interpersonal skills among employees. The region benefits from a mature corporate landscape and government initiatives promoting skill development, positioning it as a significant market for soft skills management solutions.
The Asia Pacific region presents immense growth potential driven by rapid industrialization, urbanization, and the emergence of a young workforce. Countries like China, India, and Japan are witnessing a surge in demand for soft skills training to meet the evolving needs of the job market. Additionally, the increasing adoption of e-learning platforms and mobile-based training solutions further propels market growth in this region.
In the Middle East & Africa, soft skills management is gaining traction amidst efforts to diversify economies and enhance human capital development. Countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, such as the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, are leading the adoption of soft skills training programs to foster innovation and productivity in the workforce.
Latin America exhibits a growing awareness of the importance of soft skills in professional development. Countries like Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina are witnessing increased investments in corporate training programs aimed at nurturing leadership, communication, and teamwork skills among employees.
Key Regions and Countries
North America
- The US
- Canada
- Rest of North America
Europe
- Germany
- France
- The UK
- Spain
- Netherlands
- Russia
- Italy
- Rest of Europe
Asia-Pacific
- China
- Japan
- Singapore
- Thailand
- South Korea
- Vietnam
- India
- New Zealand
- Rest of Asia Pacific
Latin America
- Mexico
- Brazil
- Rest of Latin America
Middle East & Africa
- Saudi Arabia
- South Africa
- UAE
- Rest of the Middle East & Africa
Key Players Analysis
In the global Soft Skills Management Market landscape of 2023, a myriad of companies play pivotal roles in shaping the industry's trajectory. Among these key players, several stand out for their significant contributions and market influence.
The Ken Blanchard Companies, headquartered in the U.S., has long been recognized for its expertise in leadership and organizational development. With a focus on delivering high-quality training programs and resources, The Ken Blanchard Companies has established itself as a trusted partner for organizations seeking to enhance their soft skills capabilities.
Another prominent player is CCL (Center for Creative Leadership), also based in the U.S. Renowned for its innovative approach to leadership development, CCL offers tailored solutions designed to foster effective communication, collaboration, and emotional intelligence within organizations.
In the U.K., Hemsley Fraser Group Ltd. commands attention with its comprehensive suite of learning and development services. Leveraging cutting-edge technology and industry expertise, Hemsley Fraser Group Ltd. empowers individuals and teams to thrive in today's dynamic business environment.
Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc., originating from the U.S., continues to be a cornerstone in the soft skills domain, renowned for its timeless principles of interpersonal effectiveness and professional growth.
CEGOS, hailing from France, boasts a rich legacy of delivering impactful learning experiences to businesses worldwide, focusing on areas such as leadership, communication, and personal development.
Market Key Players
- The Ken Blanchard Companies. (U.S.)
- CCL (U.S.)
- Hemsley Fraser Group Ltd. (U.K.)
- Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc., (U.S.)
- CEGOS. (France)
- CGS (U.S.)
- New Horizons Worldwide, LLC. (U.S.)
- QA group (U.K.)
- Articulate Global, LLC (U.S.)
- D2L Corporation (Canada)
- Skillsoft (U.S.)
- MPS Interactive Systems Limited (India)
- The Insights Group Limited (U.K.)
- NIIT (India)
- Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd (India)
- edX LLC. (U.S.)
- BizLibrary (U.S.)
- GP Strategies Corporation.
- City & Guilds (U.K.)
- Cornerstone (U.S.)
Recent Development
- In February 2024, The Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) identifies a crucial soft skills gap among Filipino workers, emphasizing the need for updated training programs to enhance collaboration, adaptability, and leadership in the digital era.
- In February 2024, LinkedIn and Gousto highlight the increasing importance of soft skills in the UK, focusing on training for communication, leadership, and AI literacy to enhance workforce adaptability and innovation.
- In February 2024, CashNet USA's analysis on Indeed.com reveals the top 10 soft skills in demand across the US, emphasizing strategic thinking, negotiation, and persuasion as key to advancing careers in a rapidly evolving job market.
Report Scope
Report Features Description Market Value (2023) USD 28.6 Billion Forecast Revenue (2033) USD 99.1 Billion CAGR (2024-2032) 13.6% Base Year for Estimation 2023 Historic Period 2016-2023 Forecast Period 2024-2033 Report Coverage Revenue Forecast, Market Dynamics, COVID-19 Impact, Competitive Landscape, Recent Developments Segments Covered By Delivery Mode(Online, Regular/ Offline), By Soft Skill(Communication & Productivity, Management & Leadership, Administration & Secretarial, Personal Development, Teamwork, Others), By End Users(IT & Telecom, BFSI, Manufacturing, Hospitality, Energy and Power, Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals, Retail, Media & Entertainment, Others), By Sourcing(In-house, Outsourced), By Channel Provider(Corporate/ Enterprise, Academic, Government) Regional Analysis North America - The US, Canada, Rest of North America, Europe - Germany, France, The UK, Spain, Italy, Russia, Netherlands, Rest of Europe, Asia-Pacific - China, Japan, South Korea, India, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Rest of Asia Pacific, Latin America - Brazil, Mexico, Rest of Latin America, Middle East & Africa - South Africa, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Rest of Middle East & Africa Competitive Landscape The Ken Blanchard Companies. (U.S.), CCL (U.S.), Hemsley Fraser Group Ltd. (U.K.), Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc., (U.S.), CEGOS. (France), CGS (U.S.), New Horizons Worldwide, LLC. (U.S.), QA Group (U.K.), Articulate Global, LLC (U.S.), D2L Corporation., (Canada), Skillsoft (U.S.), MPS Interactive Systems Limited (India), The Insights Group Limited (U.K.), NIIT (India), Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd (India), edX LLC. (U.S.), BizLibrary (U.S.), GP Strategies Corporation., City & Guilds (U.K.), Cornerstone (U.S.) Customization Scope Customization for segments, region/country-level will be provided. Moreover, additional customization can be done based on the requirements. Purchase Options We have three licenses to opt for Single User License, Multi-User License (Up to 5 Users), Corporate Use License (Unlimited User and Printable PDF) - Market Growth: The global Soft Skills Management Market was valued at USD 28.6 billion in 2023. It is expected to reach USD 99.1 billion by 2033, with a CAGR of 13.6% during the forecast period from 2024 to 2033.
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- The Ken Blanchard Companies. (U.S.)
- CCL (U.S.)
- Hemsley Fraser Group Ltd. (U.K.)
- Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc., (U.S.)
- CEGOS. (France)
- CGS (U.S.)
- New Horizons Worldwide, LLC. (U.S.)
- QA group (U.K.)
- Articulate Global, LLC (U.S.)
- D2L Corporation (Canada)
- Skillsoft (U.S.)
- MPS Interactive Systems Limited (India)
- The Insights Group Limited (U.K.)
- NIIT (India)
- Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd (India)
- edX LLC. (U.S.)
- BizLibrary (U.S.)
- GP Strategies Corporation.
- City & Guilds (U.K.)
- Cornerstone (U.S.)